Synthetic biology: basic chemical engineering, life renewal and leading the future (report receiving)
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Synthetic biology: basic chemical engineering, life renewal and leading the future (report receiving)
- sortMedia focus
- auth
- source:
- pubDate2022-03-14 16:05
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Synthetic biology is the result of a high degree of integration of multiple disciplines
Synthetic biology gathers and integrates many disciplines such as life science, engineering and information science. It has broad application prospects in many fields such as natural product synthesis, chemical industry, bioenergy, biomedicine and so on. The industrialization of production products by means of synthetic biology mainly includes five important links: strain transformation, metabolic regulation, separation and purification, polymerization process and application development. Synthetic biology can realize the quantitative control of products, and its core lies in the precise regulation of strain transformation process and synthetic pathway by using genetic engineering.
Many factors have promoted the rapid development of synthetic biology, and the industry has entered the landing period of application transformation
The accumulation of basic research, breakthroughs in key enabling technologies and new and high financing rate of the industry jointly promote the synthetic biology industry to enter the market entry period. The global synthetic biology company can be divided into basic layer and application layer. The basic layer company grasps the technology of object design and automation platform, DNA and RNA synthesis or software design. The core of the application layer company is to apply synthetic biology technology to the development and marketization of products such as medical care, industrial chemicals and biofuels. China's synthetic biology industry is at an early stage. The production enterprises are distributed in the basic layer and the application layer, mostly concentrated in the basic layer, and some technologies have global leading advantages.
Synthetic biology has production advantages in green chemical manufacturing
60% of the material inputs in the global economy can be produced by biological means. Different from the traditional microbial fermentation production mode, the green manufacturing of chemicals is to re synthesize a new artificial biological system to convert raw materials into products at a high rate. Synthetic biology has three production advantages in the field of chemical manufacturing: (1) the synthetic biological manufacturing route is milder, more energy-saving and low-carbon than the traditional petrochemical route; (2) Some biological products have significant cost advantages; (3) some synthetic biological manufacturing has advanced technology and has more advantages in product quality.
The barrier of synthetic biology industrialization mainly lies in solving the problem of realizing large-scale production technology
For enterprises that synthesize products by biological method, the process from laboratory scientific research results to product commercialization focuses on the realization of large-scale production process, and whether the large-scale production process can be realized mainly depends on the transformation efficiency of front-end bacteria and the amplification effect of back-end process. (1) The design of high-performance strains and better synthetic ways will improve the conversion rate, production efficiency and yield scale of synthetic biological products; (2) The research and development of efficient and low-cost separation and purification technology can not only realize the important link of product industrialization, but also an important technical bottleneck to determine the large-scale industrialization practice of biological manufacturing. (3) Choosing a product with long-term market space and value is also very important for enterprises engaged in the industrialization of synthetic biological manufacturing.
The application of synthetic biology in chemical industry will usher in a broad space for development
According to the statistics of CB insights and Biospace, in 2020, the global synthetic biology market scale will be US $6.1 billion, and the industry CAGR will be 16.15% from 2017 to 2020. CB insights predicts that the industry scale is expected to increase to US $18.9 billion by 2024; From the perspective of downstream application market structure, medical health and industrial chemicals are two important application fields of synthetic biology. At present, many chemical enterprises have realized the production of chemicals and fuels by biological manufacturing. Chemical manufacturing and bioenergy product development based on synthetic biology will help to break the resource and environmental bottleneck of economic development and build a new green industrialization road of sustainable development. In the next 10-20 years, synthetic biology will have a great impact on the traditional industrial production mode by improving the existing fermentation process, developing new biological pathways for the production of existing materials and chemicals, and producing new materials and chemicals.
1、 Overview of synthetic biology
Source: Chen Hongming, application analysis of fermentation engineering technology in food development, Chen Tao, L-tryptophan production and metabolic control breeding, synthetic biology: opening a new era of "convergence" research in life sciences, Zhao Guoping, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute
On the basis of traditional fermentation process and enzymatic method, the "engineering characteristics" of synthetic biology realize the quantitative control of synthetic pathway and finished products. The concepts of "quantitative biology", "molecular biology" and "system biology" contained in the engineering connotation of synthetic biology realize the quantitative control of synthetic products.
China's national key R & D plans and policy layout have made concerted efforts to promote the rapid formation and development of the industry
Source: review and Prospect of the development of synthetic biology in China, Zhang xianen, Tianfeng Securities Research Institute
The administrative departments of provincial governments in China actively designated strategic plans to promote the basic research, applied research and achievement transformation of synthetic biology
What are the differences between the business models of synthetic biology enterprises at home and abroad
The synthetic biology industry can be divided into three parts: upstream, middle and downstream. The companies located in the middle and upstream are at the basic layer, and the companies located in the downstream are at the application layer. The basic layer includes upstream synthetic biology enabling technology companies and midstream platform companies, which master technologies such as object design and automation platform, DNA and RNA synthesis or software design; For companies in the application layer, the core content of their products is to use synthetic biology technology to develop and market products such as medical care, industrial chemicals and biofuels.
Foundation layer: synthetic bioenergy technology company + platform company
Application layer: synthetic biological product development / application company
The company located in the application layer of synthetic biology focuses on using the underlying technology of synthetic biology to develop a wide range of downstream application fields, covering all aspects of people's daily life. As can be seen from the financing distribution of global start-ups in the field of synthetic biology, companies currently located in the application field are more favored by the capital market, accounting for more than 80% (2021q1-q3).
2、 Application of synthetic biology industry chain in chemical industry
The progress of synthetic biology technology has expanded its downstream application fields, and the development of application fields in turn plays a positive role in promoting the innovation speed and degree of biological manufacturing.
According to the statistics of CB insights and Biospace, in 2020, the global market scale of synthetic biology will be US $6.1 billion, and the industry CAGR will be 16.15% from 2017 to 2020. CB insights predicts that the industry scale is expected to grow to US $18.9 billion by 2024.
From the perspective of downstream application market structure, medical health and industrial chemicals are two important application fields of synthetic biology: 40% and 21% in 2019 respectively; CB insights predicts that by 2024, the proportion of food and beverage, agriculture and other fields will increase to 14% and 12% respectively, and the proportion of medical health and industrial chemicals is expected to be 26% and 20% respectively.
What are the advantages of synthetic biological pathway in chemical manufacturing?
Different from chemical synthesis methods, biological manufacturing uses biological resources or fossil resources to transform substances in biological micro factories, and the process conditions are mild. Compared with the petrochemical route, at present, the average energy conservation and emission reduction of biological manufacturing products is 30% ~ 50%, and the future potential is expected to reach 50% ~ 70%, while reducing the environmental impact by 20% ~ 60%, which will play an important role in promoting the substitution of fossil raw material route of industrial basic raw materials, the substitution of high energy consumption, high material consumption and high emission process route and the upgrading of traditional industries. According to the World Wide Fund for nature (WWF), by 2030, industrial biotechnology is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by 1-2.5 billion tons per year, accounting for about 3.1% - 4.7% of the total emissions in 2020 (the global CO2 emissions in 2020 are about 32 billion tons).
The R & D cycle of synthetic biological products is long and the investment is large. The technical chain from R & D to landing of a product is long and complex, which requires the company to have R & D capability in every link. Sufficient downstream customers and market demand is an important link to support the implementation of products, and the successful implementation of products can continue to support the innovation and R & D of the company; On the contrary, the company will face greater loss of time and capital. Therefore, how to realize business closed-loop by adjusting business model and integrating resources of all parties is an issue that synthetic biology companies need to consider in addition to establishing technical barriers.
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